FENOMENA BENCANA ALAM DI INDONESIA

Sunarto¹ dan Lies Rahayu WF²

¹ Kepala Pusat Studi Bencana Universitas Gadjah Mada

² Seketaris Pusat Studi Bencana Universitas Gadjah Mada

Abstract

The position of Indonesian archipelago between three tectonic plates and also geographically it’s located on tropical, characterized by many natural dynamics which are causing many disasters, such as earthquake, tsunami, volcanic eruption, floods, landslide, and drought. Actually many kinds of disaster were happened in Indonesia recently just only the dynamics natural processes. Disaster management and disaster risk valuation are the key concept to prevent human life. By the way the maps of hazard vulnerability and risk are needed. Natural disaster will be happen again and again, we cannot stop it. All people must be aware to learn about disaster education, and standby with their early warning system.        

Keywords : earthquake, tsunami, volcanic eruption, floods, landslide, drought

TSUNAMI ACEH 26 DESEMBER 2004: Sebuah Pengantar

Danang Sri Hadmoko^1,2, Franck Lavigne², Raphael Paris ³

¹ Fakultas Geografi dan Pusat Studi Bencana, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

² Laboratoire de Géographie Physique UMR 8591 CNRS, Meudon, France

³ Géolab UMR 6042 CNRS, Clermont-Ferrand, France

Abstract

The aim of this paper is presenting the general overview of 26^th December 2004 of Aceh’s tsunami and providing numerous tsunamis occurred in the world since XIX century. This paper is a part of a result of French-Indonesian collaboration program called Tsunarisque that run two years in 2005 and 2006. This paper is started by the Indonesian conditions that influence the tsunami hazard, continued by the theoretical framework of hydrological properties of tsunami, followed by description of environmental effects of tsunami and concluded by the state of the art of tsunami’s prevention and prevision in Indonesia combined with the examples of several parts in world.

Keywords: tsunami, aceh, environmental effects, prevention and prevision

BANJIR GENANGAN DI KAWASAN PESISIR AKIBAT KENAIKAN MUKA AIR LAUT (Flood inundation in a coastal area due to sea level rise)

Muh Aris Marfai^1,2, Junun Sartohadi^1,2, Sudrajat¹, Sri Rahayu Budiani¹, Fajar Yulianto³

¹Fakultas Geografi UGM Yogyakarta, ²Pusat Studi Bencana UGM, ³Lembaga Penerbangan dan Antariksa Nasional (LAPAN)

 Abstract

Global climate change give impact to the change of sea level. A rise in sea level would inundate wetlands and lowlands, accelerate coastal erosion, exacerbate coastal, and and increase the salinity of rivers and aquifers. Based on the prediction and report from IPCC (2001) the most suffering area due to sea level rise are the region and countries with direct contact to the sea and ocean such as coastal area of Mediteranian, Pasific, West Africa, South Asia, and even South East Asia including Indonesia. This paper intends to study model of the flood inundation in part of Semarang coastal area due to sea level rise and evaluate the impact of the inundation to the land use. Inundation model has been created using digital elevation model in raster format using Geographic Information System. Tthe impact of the inundation to the land use has been evaluated using overlay analysis and spatial analysis. The results shows that the sea water inundate on the road, fishpond,residential and bare land with 299.500 m², 1.965.800 m², 750 m² and 2.387.675 m²,respectifely.

RISIKO TSUNAMI DI PANTAI SELATAN JAWA 

Belajar dari Kejadian Tsunami di Banyuwangi pada Tahun 1994 dan di Pangandaran pada Tahun 2006

Djati Mardiatno

Dosen Fakultas Geografi UGM

Abstract

The southen coast of java is very vulnerable to tsunami because it’s close to subduction’s zone in hindia ocean. Subduction zone is a zone which have a dynamic movement and generally earthquakes are often occured with scale variety in this location. Earthquake is one of caused tsunami, so the southen coast of java have a high potentially to tsunami occured. Generally,on coast area have a high population so this area have a high risk to tsunami. In 1994, tsunami occured at Rajegwesi, Banyuwangi, and surrounded. In this case, there are 200 people’s are died and many fisherman houses and boats are destroyed. The high of tsunami run-up more than 12 metres and more than 500 metres far from coastline. Tsunami effect pull off in west banyuwangi to pacitan coast area. The most actually of tsunami happened at july17^th 2006 which detroying almost a part of southen coast of java and caused more tahn 600 peoples died. The high of tsunami run-up reach more than 5 metres and affects to land more than 500 metres far from coastline. Tsunami affect to land causes many damage in many variety for each location. Risk analyse of tsunami on southen coast of java can be used to determine and arranges of coast area include mitigations program to minimalize risk of tsunami.

Keyword : risk of tsunami, disaster, mitigation

ASPEK MORFOLOGI TERHADAP BAHAYA GUNUNGAPI MERAPI

 Widiyanto¹ dan Abdur Rahman²

 ¹Staf Pengajar Fakultas Geografi Fisik Jurusan Fisik

²Staf Subbid Tata Ruang Perencanaan Perdesaan Bappeda Kabupaten Sleman

 Abstract

As long history as nuee ardentes and lava flow is the dangerous threat of Merapi Vulcano. At present day, the streaming of nuee ardentes stream trajectory and stream of lava flow, its bearing with the morphology of Merapi Vulcano and river basin morphology. On the basis of concept uniformitarianisme, swampy forest nuee ardentes sediment and lava flows that happened at the past also by morphology. Therefore, morphology applicable to estimate the danger of nuee ardentes at present time and also period of coming.

Keywords: nuee ardentes, lava flood, morphologi.

PENGKAJIAN MITIGASI TANAH LONGSOR PASCA GEMPABUMI 27 MEI 2006 DI DUSUN GUNUNG KELIR, KECAMATAN GIRIMULYO, KABUPATEN KULONPROGO, DIY

Winaryo¹ dan Sunarto²

¹Staf Peneliti Pusat Studi Bencana UGM

²Kepala Pusat Studi Bencana UGM

Abstract

Threat of mass movement or so-called landslide ordinary became at the rains period because triggered by bulk height and rain intensity. The Gunungkelir village is located at Subdistrict of Girimulyo in this Regency of Kulonprogo. The threat is exactly became of dry season moment because triggered by existence of tectonic earthquake 5, 9 Rhicter at 27 May 2006 then. Tectonic earthquake which strong enough that able to be groggy [of] previous stone crack have [in] Mount of Branti and Beser Mount, added again existing supplement earthquake able to make the rock have a sistematic joint of its mains rock so that fall and rolling downwards aim to the east from where there are tens of resident house, school elementary TK, SD, and SMP.

That occurence generate the fear of vinicity resident so that they are ready to take a rest the nighttime sleep alongside walke or peaceful place. Its influence to resident which its house situation relative [is] peaceful the than slide danger go with the stream to evacuate the, anxious society because their ignorance about how far risk of fallout and rolling petrify that will befall.

Research Center for Disasters collaboration with A Local government of Kulonprogo District (Setda) do the survey and mapping detail the region to determine the storey; level of disaster risk, knowable so that by spasial region which high risk from rockslide threat and can determine the house (persil) becoming priority to be translocation. Others also recomended the mitigation disasters technically and also vegatatif to lessen the existing disaster risk.

Keyword: earthquake, disasters, landslide, mitigation,translocation

SISTEM INFORMASI GUNUNGAPI MERAPI

Dulbahri

Staf Ahli Pusat Studi Bencana UGM

Abstract

Indonesia has volcanic arc which extended along Sumatera, Java, Nusa Tenggara, Celebes, Molucca’s Islands and Papua. The volcanic range possible generates volcanic eruption and earthquake, so that physically volcano triggered earthquake and lava flow hazard, in spite of cause landslide and mudflow. Mt. Merapi is active volcano which overpopulates dwelt area. On the event of eruption and lava flow will generate high risk hazard.

Geographic Information System (GIS) as a tool enabled for data management and analysis for specific purpose. Commonly GIS function as technology for data management and spatial analysis. Data and information was obtained by inspection the volcano condition, or direct interview to community. Condition of Merapi can be observed directly and or indirectly, indirectly by satellite imagery and aerial photograph interpretation/extraction. Pass through imagery can be obtained of dome-cracked situation that showing lava flow when eruption happened. Data and information also obtained from related institution, i.e. physical data, inhabitant, health and livelihood. The data and information are readily databases for using or managed.

Database management system which was used is Indonesian Disaster Mitigation Information System (SIPBI). SIPBI for Mt. Merapi loaded specific information about physical conditions, inhabitant (population), settlements, health facility, transportation route and other related data of eruption history. SIPBI useful to spread information quickly at provincial and district level on monitoring, risk evaluation, emergency coordination, and also improve BAKORNAS PB/SATKORLAK PB performance. SIPBI play role as disaster risk reduction tool, especially for inhabitant surrounding could prepared.

Keyword: SIG, SIPBI, BAKORNAS, SATKORLAK PBP, SATLAK PBP